Class 9 NCERT Science Chapter Names (Old)
Chapter 1. Matter in Our Surroundings
Chapter 2. Is Matter Around Us Pure
Chapter 3. Atoms and Molecules
Chapter 4. Structure of the Atom
Chapter 5. The Fundamental Unit of Life
Chapter 6. Tissues
Chapter 7. Motion
Chapter 8. Force and Laws of Motion
Chapter 9. Gravitation
Chapter 10. Work and Energy
Chapter 11. Sound
Chapter 12. Improvement in Food Resources
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 1: Matter in Our Surroundings
- Physical nature of matter
- Characteristics of particles of matter
- States of matter – solid, liquid, gas
- Interconversion of states of matter
- Effect of temperature and pressure on states of matter
- Evaporation and factors affecting evaporation
- Cooling caused by evaporation
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 2: Is Matter Around Us Pure
- Types of matter – pure substances and mixtures
- Elements and compounds
- Types of mixtures – homogeneous and heterogeneous
- Solutions – properties, concentration, and types
- Suspensions and colloids – properties and differences
- Separation of components of mixtures – methods and applications
- Physical and chemical changes
- Types of pure substances – elements and compounds
- Classification of elements – metals, non-metals, and metalloids
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 3: Atoms and Molecules
- Laws of chemical combination – law of conservation of mass, law of constant proportions
- Dalton’s atomic theory
- Atoms and molecules – definition and representation
- Chemical symbols and formulae
- Atomic mass and molecular mass
- Writing chemical formulae using the criss-cross rule
- Mole concept and its significance
- Avogadro’s number
- Calculations based on the mole concept
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 4: Structure of the Atom
- Charged particles in matter
- Discovery of the electron – J.J. Thomson’s experiment
- Discovery of the proton – E. Goldstein’s experiment
- Discovery of the neutron – James Chadwick’s experiment
- Thomson’s model of the atom
- Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom
- Bohr’s model of the atom
- Neutrons and their properties
- Distribution of electrons in shells – Bohr–Bury scheme
- Valency
- Atomic number and mass number
- Isotopes and isobars and their applications
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 5: The Fundamental Unit of Life
- Discovery of the cell
- Cell theory
- Structure of a cell
- Plasma membrane – structure and functions
- Cell wall – structure and functions
- Cytoplasm and its role
- Nucleus – structure and functions
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Cell organelles and their functions – endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles
- Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 6: Tissues
- Definition and significance of tissues
- Plant tissues – meristematic and permanent
- Types of meristematic tissues – apical, intercalary, lateral
- Permanent tissues – simple permanent tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and complex permanent tissues (xylem, phloem)
- Animal tissues – epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue
- Structure and functions of different types of animal tissues
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 7: Motion
- Introduction to motion
- Distance and displacement
- Uniform and non-uniform motion
- Speed, velocity, and acceleration
- Graphical representation of motion – distance-time graph, velocity-time graph
- Equations of motion and their derivations
- Uniform circular motion
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 8: Force and Laws of Motion
- Concept of force
- Balanced and unbalanced forces
- First law of motion and inertia
- Second law of motion – force, mass, and acceleration
- Third law of motion – action and reaction forces
- Mathematical formulation of the second law of motion
- Momentum and its conservation
- Applications of Newton’s laws of motion
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 9: Gravitation
- Introduction to gravitation
- Universal law of gravitation
- Free fall and acceleration due to gravity
- Mass and weight – differences and relationship
- Motion of objects under the influence of gravitational force
- Thrust and pressure
- Pressure in fluids and buoyancy
- Archimedes’ principle and its applications
- Relative density
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 10: Work and Energy
- Work – definition and conditions for work to be done
- Positive work and negative work
- Work done by a constant force
- Energy – kinetic energy and potential energy
- Work–energy theorem
- Power and its units
- Commercial unit of energy
- Transformation of energy
- Law of conservation of energy
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 11: Sound
- Production of sound
- Propagation of sound as a longitudinal wave
- Characteristics of a sound wave – wavelength, frequency, amplitude, time period, and velocity
- Speed of sound in different media
- Reflection of sound and its applications – echo, reverberation
- Uses of multiple reflections of sound
- Range of hearing in humans and other animals
- Ultrasound and its applications
- Structure and working of the human ear
Topics Covered – Class 9 Science Chapter 12: Improvement in Food Resources
- Improvement in crop yields
- Improvement in crop variety – hybridisation and selection
- Crop production management – nutrient management, irrigation, cropping patterns
- Crop protection management – control of weeds, pests, and diseases
- Storage of grains
- Animal husbandry
- Cattle farming
- Poultry farming
- Fish production – capture and culture fisheries
- Bee-keeping