Class 11 NCERT Chemistry Chapter Names
Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Chapter 2: Structure of Atom
Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Chapter 5: Thermodynamics
Chapter 6: Equilibrium
Chapter 7: Redox Reactions
Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Chapter 9: Hydrocarbons
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
- Importance and scope of chemistry
- Laws of chemical combination
- Dalton’s atomic theory
- Concept of atoms and molecules
- Atomic and molecular masses
- Mole concept and molar mass
- Percentage composition
- Empirical and molecular formulas
- Chemical equations and stoichiometry
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 2: Structure of Atom
- Discovery of subatomic particles (electron, proton, neutron)
- Thomson’s model of the atom
- Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom
- Atomic number, mass number, and isotopes
- Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom
- Limitations of Bohr’s model
- Dual nature of matter and radiation
- de Broglie’s equation
- Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
- Quantum mechanical model of the atom
- Orbitals and quantum numbers
- Shapes of s, p, and d orbitals
- Electronic configuration of elements
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
- Genesis of periodic classification
- Modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table
- Nomenclature of elements with atomic numbers greater than 100
- Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table
- Types of elements: s-block, p-block, d-block, f-block
- Trends in the periodic properties:
- Atomic radius
- Ionic radius
- Ionization enthalpy
- Electron gain enthalpy
- Electronegativity
- Valency
- Periodic trends in chemical reactivity of elements
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
- Valence electrons and Lewis dot symbols
- Ionic bond and covalent bond
- Bond parameters – bond length, bond angle, bond enthalpy, bond order
- The octet rule and its limitations
- Lewis structures
- Polar and non-polar covalent bonds
- Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and molecular shapes
- Valence Bond Theory (VBT)
- Hybridisation and its types (sp, sp², sp³, sp³d, sp³d²)
- Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT) and molecular orbital diagrams for simple molecules
- Hydrogen bonding and its types
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 5: Thermodynamics
- Basic concepts – system, surroundings, types of systems
- Work, heat, energy, and state functions
- First law of thermodynamics – internal energy and enthalpy
- Applications of the first law
- Hess’s law of constant heat summation
- Heat capacity and specific heat
- Enthalpy changes during phase transformations
- Standard enthalpy of formation, combustion, atomization, etc.
- Second law of thermodynamics – spontaneity and entropy
- Gibbs free energy and its significance
- Gibbs–Helmholtz equation
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 6: Equilibrium
- Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes
- Dynamic nature of equilibrium
- Law of mass action
- Equilibrium constant and its significance
- Relationship between equilibrium constant (K), reaction quotient (Q), and Gibbs free energy
- Factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle and its applications
- Ionic equilibrium in solutions
- Acids, bases, and salts – Arrhenius, Brønsted–Lowry, and Lewis concepts
- Ionization of acids and bases, degree of ionization
- pH scale and pOH
- Hydrolysis of salts
- Buffer solutions
- Solubility equilibrium and solubility product (Ksp)
- Common ion effect and its applications
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 7: Redox Reactions
- Concept of oxidation and reduction
- Oxidising agents and reducing agents
- Types of redox reactions – combination, decomposition, displacement, disproportionation
- Electron transfer reactions and oxidation number
- Rules for assigning oxidation numbers
- Balancing redox reactions by oxidation number method
- Balancing redox reactions by ion–electron method
- Redox reactions in everyday life
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 8: Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques
- General introduction to organic chemistry
- Classification of organic compounds
- IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds
- Structural representation of organic compounds
- Isomerism – structural and stereoisomerism
- Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanism – inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance, hyperconjugation
- Types of organic reactions – substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement
- Methods of purification of organic compounds – crystallization, sublimation, distillation, chromatography
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic compounds
Topics Covered – Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 9: Hydrocarbons
- Classification of hydrocarbons – alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons
- Alkanes – nomenclature, preparation, properties, and reactions
- Alkenes – nomenclature, preparation, properties, and reactions
- Alkynes – nomenclature, preparation, properties, and reactions
- Aromatic hydrocarbons – benzene structure, resonance, aromaticity
- Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene – nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, Friedel–Crafts alkylation and acylation
- Carcinogenicity and toxicity of aromatic hydrocarbons